Three Possible Taiwan Futures Essay -- essays research papers

Taiwan’s past and present are inextricably linked to that of the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, one cannot begin to postulate and critically comment upon a possible â€Å"Taiwan future† without first assessing the prevailing political climate of her mainland cousin: the People’s Republic of China. Given the current rhetoric espoused by both Taipei and Beijing, one may argue that three possible â€Å"Taiwan futures† emerge as most likely to occur. These scenarios, from most to least probable, are: 1) peaceful reunification with the PRC; one country, two systems; 2) a referendum declaring Taiwan a sovereign state, independent of the PRC; and 3) reunification achieved via a PRC initiated military action. It is not insignificant that the Republic of China, Taiwan, and the People’s Republic of China, Communist Mainland China, have consistently and unequivocally asserted a sacrosanct principle regarding the state of Sino-Taiwanese relations: that there is only â€Å"one China.† Furthermore, in February 1972, the United States and the People’s Republic of China issued a joint communiquà © stating, â€Å"...the United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China† (www.chinanews.org). Therefore, one may argue that the first and most likely scenario for a possible â€Å"Taiwan future† is â€Å"peaceful reunification; one country, two systems.† The foundation for â€Å"peaceful reunification; one country, two systems† was laid in January 1979 when the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China called for an end to military hostilities between the PRC and Taiwan. The Standing Committee asserted that in its quest for national reunification, the PRC â€Å"will respect the status quo on Taiwan and the views of people of all walks of life there and adopt reasonable policies and measures.† In September 1981, the Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, Ye Jianying, reiterated this policy. Jianying avowed, â€Å"...after the country is reunified, Taiwan can enjoy a high degree of autonomy as a special administrative region† (www.chinanews.org). Furthermore, in January 1982, China’s paramount leader, Deng Xiaoping, remarked that in the event of national reunification the PRC would continue with its socialist system while Taiwan could maintain capit alism. In August of 1993, the S... ...of Taiwan in the event of a PRC invasion. One may argue that the People’s Republic of China is not yet ready to enter into a direct confrontation with the US. The second obstacle that precludes a PRC invasion of Taiwan is the absence of a littoral fleet capable of making a sustained assault on Taiwan. With the Taiwanese army firmly entrenched in the Pescadores and on the islands of Quemoy and Matsu, an amphibious assault on Taiwan would be akin to swallowing a â€Å"poison shrimp.† The third, and perhaps most important, obstacle that precludes a PRC invasion of Taiwan is stigma attached to the employment of nuclear weapons. It is highly unlikely that the PRC would be willing to use nuclear weapons against other Chinese. It is possible to envision three distinct â€Å"Taiwan futures†: 1) peaceful reunification with the PRC; one country, two systems; 2) a referendum declaring Taiwan a sovereign state, independent of the PRC; and 3) reunification achieved via a PRC initiated military action. However, until the political winds in Beijing change, it is unlikely that Taiwan’s current ambiguous status on the world stage will change. For the time being, Taiwan’s future remains cloudy and uncertain.

Tesco Bank Marketing

The research draws attention to the fact that the current product life cycle of Tesco Bank is in the Maturity stage. And now Tesco Bank is a question mark according to Boston’s Matrix. The target market of Tesco Bank includes Tesco Clubcard holders, families with children, pet and car. By Geographic segmentation, Brislington in the North East, Coventry in the Midlands and Blackpool in the North West are its target market. By Demographic segmentation, the age should be targeted from 18 to 50 and over 50s. By Behavioural segmentation, its loyal customers are targeted.Further investigations reveal that the Tesco Clubcard Credit Card’s position in the market is not enough good and the repositioning makes this product become more competitive in the market. The main price strategy is competition-based pricing. A new Good-value pricing strategy is made for the repositioning product. Moreover, an A3 size poster for Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is designed for advertisement. It is recommended: ? The future market strategy of Tesco Bank should focus on strengthening its customer base and service improvement. Innovation of products is important. * Tesco supermarkets are good platforms for Tesco Bank to advertise itself. TASK 1 AREA OF STUDY Tesco Bank is a subsidiary company of Tesco (the UK’s largest supermarket) in the UK. This bank was ever named Tesco Personal Finance. Initially, Tesco Personal Finance (TPF) was a joint venture business between Tesco and the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) (Datamonitor, 2011). Then, Tesco took full control of Tesco Personal Finance, by an agreement with RBS to buy its 50% shareholding in TPF in 2008 (Sky News, 2008).TPF was renamed Tesco Bank in 2009 and it was a signal that Tesco would like to join into the high street banking sector (The Telegraph, 2009). Tesco Bank has continuously made good progress in 2011. For example, savings, the number of credit cards and insurance sales have strongly increased (Tesco plc webs ite, 2012). As a new entrant with great brand awareness that was untainted by the banking crisis, Tesco Bank has great potential to boost sales in the UK because the current customer dissatisfaction with banks is serious in the UK (MarketWatch, 2009).However, it is necessary to focus on this area for improvement because the infrastructure of Tesco bank is not enough and it should have a better market strategy to attract more customers as a new entrant. TASK 2 PLC STAGE Kotler and Armstrong (2012) define product life cycle (PLC) as a development trajectory of a product based on its sales and profits over its lifetime. The five distinct stages (product development stage, introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage) of PLC describe how products and markets work.The Figure 2 shows the sales and profits of Tesco Bank from 2002 to 2010 (See Appendix 1). It is hard to analyze the trend of sales from 2009 to 2011. The sales fluctuated during this period. The profit in creased rapidly from 2002 to 2005, then declined gradually due to the possible reasons of the bad global economy situation and the financial crisis. After Tesco Bank was entirely owned by Tesco, the profit boosted remarkably again such as the growth rate was 65. 625% in 2009 and the average growth rate of profit from 2008 to 2011 was 29. 72%. However, the growth rate declined year by year.Based on the evidence above, it can be inferred that Tesco Bank is now at the maturity stage. According to the trend of profit, the product achieved acceptance by customers for a period of time, then the big change in 2008 led to rejuvenation of its business. At the same time, the sales growth was slowdown but it seems to increase in the future. These points match to the characteristics of maturity stage (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Boston’s Matrix is a chart to evaluate a company’s market strategy and situation according to its relative market share and market growth rate (Kotler an d Armstrong, 2012).It can be described as Figure 3. The market growth rate of Tesco Bank was high in recent years but the relative market share is still low based on the data above. Pettinger (2011) states that Tesco Bank is a smaller bank in the UK which ranks 10th of 10 Largest UK Retail Banks. Question marks means a company has relative low market share and high market growth rate (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Thus, now Tesco Bank should be a question mark. It is time to think about the future direction of Tesco Bank.Datamonitor (2010) reveals that the current consumer dissatisfaction with banks is a good chance for Tesco Bank to gain market share by the similar way Tesco is successful in the grocery sector. Tesco Bank announced it has targeted to win 10% market share of the UK’s financial services market in the future (Halime, 2010). It seems that Tesco Bank is expected to be a star in future years. TASK 3 TARGET MARKET Target market is defined as a set of customers who h ave common needs or characteristics that companies would like to give service to (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012).Now All Tesco Bank’ products have a common characteristic that every product purchased can get points and discount with a Tesco Clubcard. This is not only a fantastic way to attract customers, but also all Tesco customers who have a Clubcard have been targeted. Tesco states that the most loyal shoppers (15 million Tesco Club card holders) are initially targeted by Tesco Bank (Aldrick, 2009). Credit cards and loans are only available to UK residents and over 18s. All Tesco Bank’s products such as home insurance, pet insurance, travel money and credit card are relative to the needs of families and daily life. Geographic segmentationThis segmentation divides market into several geographical areas. Tesco planned to open Tesco Bank branches in 30 of its stores in the UK in 2009 and branches would open in Brislington in the North East, Coventry in the Midlands and Bl ackpool in the North West (Clews, 2009) Demographic segmentation This segmentation divides market into segments such as age, family, income, occupation, religion and nationality. According to bank’s insurance classification (car, home, pet, travel, life, over 50s, health, dental, breakdown), credit cards and loans condition, the age should be targeted from 18 to 50 and over 50s.Tesco Bank also has child trust fund, Tesco Baby & Toddler club and Tesco Child Health Plan, so the target of family life cycle should be families with children, pets and cars. Behavioural segmentation This segmentation divides market into segments such as knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses. As Tesco Bank’s products can all be linked to its Tesco Clubcard, loyalty status should be strong in this case. Consumers are loyal to Tesco brand for its great brand awareness. On the other hand, the Clubcard enhances the loyalty of consumers with its benefits. TASK 4 PRODUCT REPOSITIONINGProduct positioning means products are considered by consumers when purchase, consumers will identify the products compared with competing products (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). This assignment will choose Tesco Bank’s Clubcard credit card as main product compare with its competitors by perceptual map, then reposition this credit card to a more competitive position. The Figure 4 shows a positioning map for four types of credit cards from Tesco Bank, Sainsbury’s Bank, Halifax and HSBC on two dimensions: months of balance transfers for 0% and months of purchase for 0% (See Appendix 2) (Tescocompare, 2012).Thus, customers’ view of Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is very different from others. Its 15 months of purchase for 0% is significantly more than others, but the months of balance transfers are the least of all cards. The main advantage of Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is that customers have a very long length of time for 0% interest rate credit so that the fewer months of bal ance transfers for 0% is acceptable. By contrast, the credit cards of Sainsbury’s, Halifax and HSBC focus on the months of balance transfers for 0%, but there is a transaction fee when customers transfer the debts.However, Tesco Clubcard Credit Card has the lowest fee (2. 9% fee) compared with others (Sainsbury’s 3% fee, Halifax 3% fee, and HSBC 3. 3% fee) (See Appendix 2). In order to reposition Tesco Clubcard Credit Card to a more competitive position, it is better to extend the months of balance transfers for 0% as the figure 5 shows. Now Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is more attractive to customers. Beside its advantage of purchase, its balance transfers aspect is no longer weak compared with others. Tesco Bank may generate fewer profits from this product due to its long period of time for zero interest rate and less transaction fee.However, this change will attract more customers to enhance its customer base in the short-term. The strong customer base will increase t otal consumption and is good for entire business performance in the long-term. TASK 5 PRICING STRATEGIES Pricing strategy is that a company sets a right price strategy in order to generate profits and be successful in the market. The main pricing strategies are customer value-based pricing, cost-based pricing and competition-based pricing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012).Competition-based pricing means the price is set based on competitors’ pricing strategies, cost, and marketing offering (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). The main pricing strategy of Tesco Bank is competition-based pricing. Because most of the retail banks offer the similar products such as loans, credit cards, savings and insurance, Tesco Bank set a more competitive price to attract customers according to its Tescocompare. com system (a system compare Tesco Bank’s products with other banks’ products). For example, the interest rate of loans and credit cards is second lowest of all the similar products (See Appendix 2 and 3).The reason may be that Tesco Bank is a new entrant and faces numerous experienced competitors setting slightly high prices relative to the value they deliver, charging a relative low price would be better for Tesco Bank to attract customers and gain more market share. In addition, Tesco Bank also uses discount pricing and promotional pricing. For example, new customers could save up to 20% with a Clubcard when they buy car insurance online. New customers with a Clubcard who quote and buy a Tesco Bank Pet Insurance policy directly from Tesco Bank between 12 April and 22 May 2012 can get a free ? 0 Tesco Gift Card (Tesco Bank website, 2012). New pricing strategies for repositioned product As the Tesco Clubcard Credit Card has repositioned, it has more competitive advantages. Then this assignment will develop a good-value pricing strategy for Tesco Clubcard Credit Card. Good-value pricing strategy means a company provides a combo of good quality and service at a reasonable price (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Cooperation with other retailers or restaurants in the UK to offer some benefits is a good idea to use this strategy.For example, Tesco Bank can cooperate with Zara that every purchase in Zara by only using Tesco Clubcard Credit Card can get 5% discount. Thus, more people would like to use this credit card so that it would strengthen Tesco Bank’s customer base. On the other hand, Zara’s sales might increase because of the discount. In addition, customers get benefits. TASK 6 POSTER DESIGN FOR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN It is a poster for advertising Tesco Clubcard Credit Card of Tesco Bank (See the A3 poster). In the white area, the credit card image and a red circle with words are striking.Customers can know what the product is at the first sight. â€Å"1 card, 3 great benefits† tell customers this credit card is outstanding because this card has 3 great benefit for customers if they use this card. These show the main pa rt of poster that creates a general impression to customers and attracts them. The first three lines of words in the blue area are the details of the three great benefits. â€Å"0% on all purchases for 15 months† and â€Å"0% on balance transfers for 15 months† reflect its competition-based pricing strategy because this set of interest has an advantage compared with other products when customers make a decision. Balance transfers for 15 months† shows the repositioning feature discussed above. It makes this card be more attractive to customers. â€Å"Every little helps† is the slogan of Tesco enhancing the Tesco Brand. â€Å"Over 18s, UK residents† shows the segments which this product is available for, reflecting its target market as well. The collecting points also reflect the Tesco Clubcard customers are included in its target segment. â€Å"Ask at the customer service desk for more details† is guidance for further steps if customers want t o know more. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Tesco Bank has already done well as a new entrant into bank industry.However, it still has some space for improvement according to the analysis above. It has the potential to boost sales in the future due to its particular advantages such as little influence by financial crisis and strong brand awareness. The low price advantage is also easy for Tesco Bank to attract customers. If Tesco Bank continues to adjust its market strategy in the future, it could reach the top of UK banks. The future market strategy of Tesco Bank should focus on strengthening its customer base and service improvement. Service quality is an important factor to determine customer satisfaction (Maddern, H et al, 2007).Innovation of products is important. If the product has an available special characteristic, bank would have more power to generate profits and set slight high price. Tesco supermarkets are good platforms for Tesco Bank to advertise itself, and take full advantage of them. Appendix Appendix 1: Source: Tesco Annual Report from 2002 to 2011 Appendix 2: Source: http://tesco. lovemoney. com/creditcards Appendix 3: Source: http://www. tescocompare. com/loans. shtml Bibliography Aldrick, P (2009). Tesco moves closer to full banking. The Telegraph. [Online] Available from: http://www. telegraph. co. k/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/6617485/Tesco-moves-closer-to-full-banking-with-IT-system. html. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Bell, S (2010). UK's Tesco Offers 0% Interest Rate For 13 Months On Clubcard Credit Card. CardLine; Vol. 10 Issue 31, p10-10, 1p. Clews, M (2009). Tesco to open bank branches in 30 stores. Marketing Week (01419285); 3/26/2009, Vol. 32 Issue 13, p44-44, 1p. Datamonitor (2010). Tesco Bank set to play with the big boys and be a top 10 bank. [Online] Available from: http://about. datamonitor. com/media/archives/3705. (accessed 13 April 2012) Datamonitor (2011). Tesco PLC company profile. Online] Available from: http://www . datamonitor. com/. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Halime, F (2010). Tesco Bank eyes 10% of UK market share. Retail Bank International. [Online] Available from: http://www. vrl-financial-news. com/retail-banking/retail-banker-intl/issues/rbi-2010/rbi-629/tesco-bank-eyes-10-of-uk-mark. aspx. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Kotler, P;amp; Armstrong, G (2012). Principles of Marketing (14th ed. ). Pearson Education. p 66-67, 224-230, 231-232, 297-303, 315-324. Maddern, H et al (2007). Customer satisfaction and service quality in UK financial services. International Journal of Operations ;amp; Production Management. Vol. 7 Issue 9, p998-1019, 22p. MarketWatch (2009). Industry Comment: Tesco: becoming the Tesco of financial services. Vol. 8 Issue 4, p5-5, 2/3p. MarketWatch (2009). Tesco: renaming of banking division heralds a renewed attack on Britain's players. Vol. 8 Issue 11, p11-12, 2p. Pettinger, T (2011). Top 10 British Banks. Economicshelp. [Online] Available from: http://www. economicshelp. o rg. (Accessed 14 April 2012) Sky News (2008). Tesco Pays ? 950m To Become Bank. [Online] Available from: http://news. sky. com/home/business/article/15058484. (Accessed 14 April 2012) The Telegraph (2009). Tesco Bank to offer current accounts and mortgages. Online] Available from: http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/personalfinance/consumertips/banking/6266043/Tesco-Bank-to-offer-current-accounts-and-mortgages. html. (Accessed 14 April 2012) Tesco plc website (2012). Annual reports. Investors. [Online] Available from: http://www. tescoplc. com/index. asp? pageid=166. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Tescocompare (2012). Credit Cards. Money. [Online] Available from: http://tesco. lovemoney. com/creditcards. (Accessed 15 April 2012) Tesco Bank website (2012). Insurance. [Online] Available from: http://www. tescobank. com/personal/finance/home. html. (Accessed 15 April 2012)

Essay on Having a Career in Fashion Design - 1260 Words

Having a Career in Fashion Design The fashion design career, has recently emerged as one of the most popular and competitive among young people. Those who actually succeed in design have a very individualistic personal style and don’t follow trends set by others. Having fashion design as your profession sometimes allows you to meet glamorous people. It can also put you in charge of what is in and out when it comes to clothing through ramp shows and fashion write-ups. Most designers have a great social status, and are accepted by everyone. However, There are many aspects which may or may not help you choose it as your career. Many talented individuals are attracted to careers as designers. Those with little or no education, as†¦show more content†¦The four most heard of are head designers, assistant designers, specialty designers, and theatrical costume designers. Head designers are responsible for exclusive and creative functions. They supervise design room staff. Those with less experience may b e responsible for small divisions or specialized garments. Assistant designers are generally all-around assistants and designers. They make first patterns and samples or may supervise sample makers. â€Å" They work together with their directors on their sketches, and help put together their catalogs.†(Baron, pg 73) Specialty designers work with other designers to coordinate special lines of clothing, such as sweaters. They often arrange for styles to be made in foreign countries. Theatrical costume designers create costumes for movies or theatrical productions, usually on a contact basis. As you may know fashion designers create anything that is part of a garment for men, women, and children. They understand the needs of their clients and create attractive, functional garments and accessories. When designing they must keep a close watch on fit, style, color, texture, size, and material. Designing any outfit starts with sketching and original idea on paper or on computer programs. Then shaping the patterns pieces which make the garment. The pieces are then drawn in actual size on paper and cut out on a rough material. These pieces areShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose to be a Social Worker or a Fashion Designer802 Words   |  3 Pagesworkers and fashion design are careers that play an import ant role in the United States today. Both careers involve working well with others, and having an open mind. They also require that people be able to keep up with deadlines and be responsible. Someone in these fields also has to be able to solve problems and think quickly. These qualities are appealing to me because I love to challenge myself and be around people. However, these careers are also very different. Fashion design involves quiteRead MoreDesigning A Career For Interior Design1295 Words   |  6 Pagesmore interested. 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Controversial and Banned Books †Why They Were Banned

Youth Crime Of Scotland Has Been On The Upsurge For Some Time

lntroduction Youth crime in Scotland has been on the upsurge for some time. In order to understand this issue better, a critical look at the statistics available show that over 43 per cent of all the crimes in Scotland is committed by young people who are under the age of 21 years. Scotland lies in the scope of the European Union, and instances of crime involving the youth are very rare in this region when compared to the rest ofthe world. The effects of crime range on a broad spectrum, hamper economic progress, spread fear and block the freedom evident when people live in a secure place outside the scope of disturbances and terror (Croall et al, 2010). The future of Scotland lies in the hands of young people, and this observation, therefore, shows a very worrying trend. Youth crime upsurge can be explained from an extensive approach in terms of the models incorporated. This may be due to increased joblessness as well as other socio-economic considerations. This briefing will, theref ore, look at the approach to policies as a way to advise the Scottish government on what it can do to counter the youth crime in Scotland. Policy briefing to the government on the causes and explanations of youth crime in Scotland; and how to handle it As a policy, there are various factors the government of Scotland can put into perspective in order to effectively handle youth crime. These would combat the spread of youth crime. A recent study sought to explain the causes, as well as the

The Case Study of Josh and Eric Accounting Sample for Students

Question: Disucss the Case Study of Josh and Eric. Answer: Introduction: Case study discusses about Josh and Eric, who have partnered up in opening of paint stores. Profit of amount $ 300000 are expected in the first year of operations and are planning to sell the franchise. A franchise is regarded as business arrangement where the right of suing the trademark is guaranteed by one party to another party. There is enough money with both the partners for starting up the business. It is predicted that the cash flow would be the main problem as the business grows. For the long-term of business, the best opinion will be in the corporate form of business. Area does not have any competing painting stores and composition of business should be chosen. Composition of business is to be chosen by partners. In the first year of operations, a profit of amount of $ 300000 are expected by the business. Looking at the amount of profit that is generated in the first year of operations and the planning if selling the franchise, it is thought by both the partners that the operating in the corporate form would be the best option (Bhimani et al., 2013) A corporation is regarded as large form of company that is authorized to act as the single entity and same rights and responsibilities as possessed by individual are enjoyed by it. Charter establishes every corporate entity and creation if new corporations through enrolment is not allowed by most jurisdictions. There are many different parts of corporation and the law of jurisdiction ordinarily divides the corporation. Corporation is chartered into two types and this include whether they are for profit or not for profit. It also involve whether they stocks can be issues by them or not. Corporation is differentiated based on its ability to issue stocks according to local law. Such companies capable of issuing stocks are refereed as stock corporations. Stock provides the ownership of corporation and the shareholders or stockholders are regarded as owner of shares or stocks. Non-stock corporations are referred to non-stock corporations. Individuals who are the part of owners and have say in the management forms part of corporation. Corporations that would be charted according regions are recognized on different basis. It can be divided into corporations that are not intended for profit making, not profit making respectively. Nonprofit corporations such as profit and nonprofit or stock and non-stock gets overlapped. Corporation is always regarded as Non-stock Corporation for profit making entities. On the other hand, there may be some nonprofit corporation those choses to be Non-stock Corporation. Corporations that are registered owned by shareholders and have legal personality. Liability of shareholders are limited to the amount of investment made by them. Shareholders do not actively manage companies. Corporation is controlled in fiduciary capacity and this is done by appointing board of directors. Corporation run its operating expenses by issuance of stocks for raising capital. Investors become a partial owner of any company in which he purchase a share of corporate stocks. There is variation in owning of stocks according to the rights that is granted to owner. There exist difference between stocks as they are if variety of forms (Van der Stede, 2016). Ownership in any corporation is represented by share in a common stock that act as security. Common stock holders exercise control in organization by voting on corporate policy and choosing a board of directors. Structure of ownership has stocks holders on top of their priority list. In the event of liquidation of company, only after the preferred shareholders, bondholders and debt holders are paid off in full; the shareholders can claim rights on companys assets (Otley Emmanuel, 2013). Preferred stock are known by different names such as preferred shares or preference shareholders. Such stock is considered as the hybrid instrument and comes with the combining characteristics of both debt instrument and equity. Such stockholders have greater claim on earning and assets of company. Dividend payment made to the preference shareholders are done prior to dividend paid to ordinary shareholders. On the event of liquidation of company, preference shareholders are given priority over others. Article of association contains the terms of preferred stock (Shields, 2015). Evaluation of preferred stock is done by major credit rating agencies like securities. Ratings for bonds is higher than preferred stock because the same amount of guarantee is not carried by preferred stock. The reason is attributable to the fact that the interest payment received by preferred stockholders and bonds is made before to all the lenders. Analysis: Corporation is distinguished from its proprietors as it is independent and regarded as lawful substance. Corporations enjoy most of the responsibilities and rights possessed by individual. There are several rights enjoyed by corporations such as paying taxes, owning assets, borrowing money and taking loan, entering into business contracts and suing and being sued. Corporation is regarded as legal person (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). It is already mentioned by the two partners Eric and josh in the beginning of case study that the main issue in the operation of business is cash flow. It would be recommended by me after the thorough analysis to issue common stock rather than preferred stocks. The reason is attributable to the superiority of common stocks over preferred stock. Compared to preferred stock, common stock comes with wide range of opportunities for appreciation. Appreciation of shares and payment of dividend are included in the common stocks. Concerning decision-making, each shar e is equivalent to one vote held. Ability of the common stock in purchasing additional shares is another advantage of the ability of stocks in running the company. Preferred stock does not come with a expiration date and is usually regarded as bonds. Therefore, it involves a preset dividend to be paid and such amount is payable before the dividend is paid on the common stock. Such stocks are generally issued at par value or face value (Hopper Bui, 2016). There is a need for Eric and Josh to raise the capital of amount $ 250000. The initial market price of share at the time of issuing stands at $ 40 per share. Hence, the total amount of shares issued is 56250. The market price per share is obtained by dividing the total amount of capital that is to be raised by the total number of shares to be issued. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the above discussion that the most popular form of business structure is corporation. The reason is attributable to limited liability protection. Corporation would lose its value of shares if they become incapable of paying back the total amount of loans taken. Shares might lose hundred percent of its value given this incapability of corporation. Paying back of the total amount of debt in corporation is not the responsibility of shareholders. However, it is not possible for shareholders to lose hundred percent of vale of shares possessed by them. Shares of the organization would become valuable if the corporation is making profit. Maximizing the value of shareholders is one of the primary goals of employees of corporation. Employees needs to work on behalf of owners for enriching them as much as possible. Investment in the common stock is strongly recommended by me to Josh and Eric. This is so because common stocks have prominent characteristics and is regarded as favorite kind of stock. This is so because; shareholders are entitled to vote on the corporate matters. Matters in which the shareholders enjoys a voting rights concerns with appointment of board of directors, acquiring another company and who should be the members of board of directors and any other managerial decisions. Reference: Bhimani, A., Horngren, C. T., Sundem, G. L., Stratton, W. O., Schatzberg, J. (2013).Introduction to Management Accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Hopper, T., Bui, B. (2016). Has management accounting research been critical?.Management Accounting Research,31, 10-30. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Otley, D., Emmanuel, K. M. C. (2013).Readings in accounting for management control. Springer. Shields, M. D. (2015). Established management accounting knowledge.Journal of Management Accounting Research,27(1), 123-132. Van der Stede, W. A. (2016). Management accounting in context: Industry, regulation and informatics.Management Accounting Research,31, 100-102.

Hard Times- Dickens [Education] free essay sample

â€Å"I am as proud as you are. I am just as proud as you are. † Dickens is an intrusive narrator who comments on the characters through their dialogues and thoughts. Through the above lines, uttered by Bounderby, Dickens presents his observations of an age in which religion, taking a simplistic view, is the â€Å"opium of the masses†, and is mostly considered to have no relation with the material world. In Christianity, pride is one of the Seven Deadly Sins and is usually considered the originator of the other six. Lucifer’s pride led him to compete with God and eventually caused his fall from heaven, and resultant metamorphosis into Satan. However, through Bounderby’s statement, it is made clear that this â€Å"bully of humility†, considers pride a virtue. He has an inordinate love for the self, which shines through his constant reiteration of his progress from a â€Å"gutter snipe† to the â€Å"self-made man† that he considers himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Hard Times- Dickens [Education] or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bonderby’s supreme belief in himself and his abilities is also a comment on the age itself. The novel is set in the age of industrialization wherein mechanical mindsets were beginning to take the place of the spiritual. All aesthetics and fancies were considered â€Å"nonsense†, and the invention of various machines gave man the sense that he had controlled nature. This led to a growing pride in the abilities of men, and divine interventions were relegated to fairy-tales which the children were not allowed to read as they were too â€Å"fanciful†. Religion became devoid of purpose of purpose and was embroiled in monotony and commodification. Dickens through Bounderby’s pride is his pride laments this down-gradation of God. As Bounderby’s name suggests, he is bound by his class and convictions in his own superiority. He shows no sympathy for the poor, even though he himself has experienced poverty, and instead insults their abilities by saying â€Å"what I can do, you can do†. He negates the individual identities of the people of Coketown, and fails to appreciate the importance of difference of aspirations and capabilities. He practices reductionism, reducing every person he meets down to Economic terms. He is not acquainted with Mr. James Harthouse, and therefore, his attempt at getting on â€Å"equal terms† with him seems only class related. For him, his position in society is almost a moral virtue, and he considers himself equal to other men only though equality in social status. Cut-off Bounderby has been unable to from his poverty-stricken childhood, which is a matter of contempt for Dickens. His is completely unable to empathize with the less fortunate. Having risen himself from the ranks of the poor, he seems to have developed the hypocrisy of the rich, believing that the objective of all â€Å"Hands† in Coketown is to be fed on â€Å"turtle soup and venison with a gold spoon†. He is completely devoid of one of the most important Christian virtues; that of humility. However, Dickens suitably compensates Bounderby for his â€Å"sin†. He dies alone, in the street, mourned by none. He loses his wife, who is so desperate to be free of him that she almost elopes with another man, as well as the only connection he had had with another human; the friendship of Mr. Gradgrind. He is exposed as a liar, and disgraced throughout Coketown, and even in death has to suffer the ignominy of a contested will. The book lives up to the well known adage; pride goeth before the fall.